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An interesting essay on a 1969 U.S. law that prohibits contact between U.S. citizens and extra-terrestrials. Extraordinary foresight? Part of a global consipracy and coverup?

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Eleven of the world's leading cryptographers and computer security experts released an update of their 1997 "Risks of Key Recovery, Key Escrow, and Trusted Third Party Encryption" report. The updated report argues that the Administration has been unable to answer issues of risk and cost in the key recovery system it proposes.

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An international survey of encryption policies worldwide and an assessment of the effect they have on human rights.

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Using the famous Drake equation, Aczel presents evidence from across the sciences, fitting together the elements that make life possible. And then, with a bit of brilliant math, Aczel, an expert in statistics and probability, shows that the probability is 1: intelligent extraterrestrial life exists.

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Biohazard is an inside look at the Soviet Union's biological weapons program, as told by the man who ran the ultrasecret research, Ken Alibek.

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The classic article that introduced the 'asteroid killed the dinosaurs' theory.

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A comprehensive edited collection of essays from some of the 'big names' in the information warfare field. Useful as a textbook or an introduction to the subject.

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This article explores a developing technology?the creation of digi-tal replicas of individuals, both living and dead, as well as the creation of totally imaginary humans. The article examines the various laws, includ-ing copyright, sui generis, right of publicity and trademark, that may be employed to prevent the creation, duplication and exploitation of digital replicas of individuals as well as to prevent unauthorized alteration of ex-isting images of a person. With respect to totally imaginary digital hu-mans, the article addresses the issue of whether such virtual humans should be treated like real humans or simply as highly sophisticated forms of animated cartoon characters.

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An extraordinary work of scholarship on the history of the Israeli nuclear arsenal. Cohen scoured government archives and conducted 150 interviews to compile this comprehensive history of one of the least understood nuclear powers.

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Thesis paper from U.S. Air Force Air University on the threat posed by natural space debris - both small meteors and world-ending earth crossing asteroids - and the proper military response.

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An interesting book if only because it is a "UFO government conspiracy book" that bears the imprimtaur of a New York Times journalist. Blum spends the majority of the book preparing us for the shocking truths that he plans on revealing but the truth - the government is researching UFO's and hasn't reached any conclusions - is hardly revolutionary.

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The various UAV programs are comprehensively surveyed in this report from the Congressional Research Service.

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This paper argues that at least one of the following propositions is true: (1) the human species is very likely to go extinct before reaching a "posthuman" stage; (2) any posthuman civilization is extremely unlikely to run a significant number of simulations of their evolutionary history (or variations thereof); (3) we are almost certainly living in a computer simulation. It follows that the transhumanist dogma that there is a significant chance that we will one day become posthumans who run ancestor-simulations is false, unless we are currently living in a simulation.

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The prominent role of software in nanotechnology research and development suggests that open source development methods might offer advantages in improving reliability, performance and accessibility.

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A comprehensive introduction to the field of collaborative virtual environments: computer simulated places in which people may meet even if they are physically miles apart.

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The classic two-page paper that launched modern SETI. Cocconi and Morrison were the first to argue in print for the scientific feasibility of searching for radio signals from intelligent alien civilizations.

Cohen, Avner G.. Israel and the Bomb 1998.

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Cole, Leonard A.. The Eleventh Plague: The Politics of Biological and Chemical Warfare 1996.

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Couffer, Jack. Bat Bomb: World War II's Other Secret Weapon 1992.

A delightful book about a stranger-than-fiction U.S. WWII military plot to attach small bombs to millions of live bats and then release them over Japanese cities during WWII.

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de Garis, Hugo. "The 21st. CENTURY ARTILECT, Moral Dilemmas Concerning the Ultra Intelligent Machine," Revue Internationale de Philosophie. 1990.

de Garis, Hugo. "What if AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century Artilect," Artificial Intelligence Magazine. Summer 1989.

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DeBlois, Lt Col Bruce M.. "Space Sanctuary: A Viable National Strategy," Airpower Journal. Vol. 12, No. 4, Winter 1998.

Defense Science Board. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Information Warfare-Defense (IW-D) November 1996.

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Devost, Matthew G.. "Political Aspects of Class III Information Warfare: Global Conflict and Terrorism," Presented at the Second International Conference on Information Warfare, Montreal. January 18-19, 1995.

Devost, Matthew G.. "National Security in the Information Age," Masters Thesis, University of Vermont. May 1995.

Devost, Matthew G., Houghton, B.K. and Pollard, N.A. "Information Terrorism: Can You Trust Your Toaster?," Sun Tzu Art of War in Information Warfare Compendium. (National Defense University : Institute for National Strategic Studies) .

DiCenso, Major David J.. "IW Cyberlaw: The Legal Issues of Information Warfare," Airpower Journal. Vol. 13, No. 2, Summer 1999.

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DiNardo, R.L., and Daniel J. Hughes. "Some Cautionary Thoughts on Information Warfare," Airpower Journal. Winter 1995.

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The classic book that started it all, now available online.

Drexler, Eric K.. "Building Molecular Machine Systems," Trends in Biotechnology. Vol. 17, No. 1, January 1999.

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Drexler cautions against 'flakish' or outlandish predictions about nanotechnology, emphasizing the need to keep the field on a sound and respectable basis within the larger scientific community.

Drlica, Karl. Double-edged sword : the promises and risks of the genetic revolution (Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley) 1994.

Dunn, Lewis A.. "Rethinking the Nuclear Equation: The United States and the New Nuclear Powers," The Washington Quarterly. Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 1994.

Dunnigan, James F.. Digital Soldiers: The Evolution of High-Tech Weaponry and Tomorrow's Brave New Battlefield 1996.

Easterbrook, Gregg. "Are We Alone?," Atlantic Monthly. August 1988.

A now classic article on the search for extraterrestrials and the implications it will have for humanity.

Elias, George Henry. Breakout into Space 1990.

Another "call to arms" book about space expansion. The author takes the unique (and suspect) viewpoint that only the United States and only the current generation (baby boomers) have the intellectual and moral resources necessary to begin a space expansion movement. Despite these biases, Elias does present the case for space expansion rather well.

Esquivel de Cocca, M.M.. "SETI Draft Second Protocol," Proceedings of the colloquium on the law of Outer Space. Vol. 37, 1994.

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Fast, W.R.. "Knowledge Strategies: Balancing Ends, Ways and Means in the Information Age," Sun Tzu Art of War in Information Warfare Compendium. (National Defense University : Institute for National Strategic Studies) 1997.

Feaver, Donald. "Command and Control in Emerging Nuclear Nations," International Security. Winter 1992/1993.

Ferguson, Charles D., Tahseen Kazi, and Judith Perera. "Commercial Radioactive Sources: Surveying the Security Risks," Center for Nonproliferation Studies. January 2003.

This occasional paper focuses on the security of commercial radioactive sources, the sources that represent a significant category of radioactive materials that are widely used throughout the world for beneficial applications in medicine and industry, and--until recently--have not been considered high security risks.

Fiedler, Frederick A. and Glenn H. Reynolds. "Legal Problems Of Nanotechnology: An Overview," Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal. Vol. 3, No. 2, Winter 1994.

Florini, Ann M.. "The Opening Skies: Third-Party Imaging Satellites and U.S. Security," International Security. Vol. 13, No. 2, Fall 1988.

Florini, Ann M.. "Remote Sensing and Diplomacy," Technology in society. Vol. 11, No. 1, 1989.

Foley, Theresa. "The Space Frontier Mentality: Looking Ahead To Secondary Colonization," Ad Astra. Vol. 7, No. 4, July 1995.

Forden, Geoffrey. "Reducing a Common Danger: Improving Russia's Early-Warning System," Cato Policy Analysis No. 399. (Washington, D.C. : Cato Institute) May 3, 2001.

The author argues persuasively that the U.S. should share data from its space-based early-warning systems with Russia and new nuclear powers to reduce tensions and prevent miscalculations.

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Freitas, Robert A.. "Some Limits to Global Ecophagy by Biovorous Nanoreplicators, with Public Policy Recommendations," Foresight Institute. April 2000.

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Garfinkel, Simson, and Deborah Russell. Database Nation : The Death of Privacy in the 21st Century 2001.

Garshnek, Victoria, David Morrison, and Frederick M. Burkle. "The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with the Earth," Space Policy. Vol. 16, 2000.

Gehrels, Thomas, ed.. Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids 1994.

An absolute must for anyone interested in the asteroid defense issue. This volume has established itself as the bible of the subject due to its comprehensive and voluminous (around 1800+ pages) nature. I lugged this attractive tome around for months, attempting to digest as much as possible and still make frequent trips to the library for further fact checking. Of special interest is the Sagan and Ostro chapter where they give an informative explication of the deflection dilemma.

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Gerrard, Michael B. and Anne W. Barber. "Asteroids and comets: U.S. and international law and the lowest-probability, highest consequence risk," New York University Environmental Law Journal. Vol. 6, No. 1, 1997.

Gillett, Stephen L.. "Nanotechnology, resources, and pollution control," Nanotechnology. Vol. 7, No. 3, September 1996.

Gillet's thesis is that the current emphasis on environmental regulations to control pollution could be the key element or enabling device to intiate the nanotechnological revolution. Compliance with environmental regulations will force companies down the technological paths that will eventually lead to nanotechnology but in greater numbers than would normally occur. Interesting thesis if only because it illustrates the complexities of the inter-relations between technological systems and policies.

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Goodman, Melvin A.. The Phantom Defense : America's Pursuit of the Star Wars Illusion 2001.

Gottemoeller, Rose. "Enhancing Nuclear Security in the Counter-Terrorism Struggle: India and Pakistan as a New Region for Cooperation," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. August 2002.

"This paper reports the results of a study of the potential to apply the principles and practice of threat reduction cooperation to countries beyond the territory of the former Soviet Union. The study focused on the application of concepts and tools used in the former Soviet Union to the region of South Asia. The research was designed to explore what might be done cooperatively to enhance the security of the nuclear assets of India and Pakistan, lest they fall into the hands of terrorists or leaders of rogue states who would use them to threaten other states or peoples."

Graham, Bradley. Hit to Kill: The New Battle over Shielding America from Missile Attack 2001.

An exhaustive and objective review of recent missile defense debates, from the Clinton Administration through to the post-September 11th debates.

Grand, Steve. Creation : Life and How to Make It (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press) 2001.

Steve Grand, the creator of the popular artificial life game "Creatures", argues persuasively that "life, both real and artificial, is an emergent property, arising inevitably from the interactions of its component parts and, as such, is something much greater than and qualitatively different from the sum of its parts."

Gray, Chris Hables. "Artificial Intelligence at War: An Analysis of the Aegis System in Combat," Quarterly Journal of Ideology : QJI. Vol. 16, No. 3/4.

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Gray, Colin S.. "Space Power and the Revolution in Military Affairs," Airpower Journal. Vol. 13, No. 3, Fall 1999.

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Grundhauser, Lt. Col. Larry K.. "Sentinels Rising: Commercial High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Its Implications for US National Security ," Airpower Journal. Vol. 12, No. 4, Winter 1998.

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Gupta, Vipin. "Remote Sensing And Photogrammetry In Treaty Verification: Present Challenges And Prospects For The Future," The Photogrammetric Record. Vol. 14, No. 83, April 1994.

Gupta, Vipin and McNab, Philip. "Sleuthing from Home," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Vol. 49, No. 10, December 1993.

A humorous and encouraging article on the ability of a civillian group to verify nuclear tests using commercial satellite imagery. Gupta verifies a chinese nuclear test using international seismology sensors and SPOT imagery.

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"If you might be living in a simulation then all else equal you should care less about others, live more for today, make your world look more likely to become rich, expect to and try more to participate in pivotal events, be more entertaining and praiseworthy, and keep the famous people around you happier and more interested in you."

Hansson, P.A.. "Exobiology, Seti, Von Neumann and Geometric Phase Control," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 48, No. 11, November 1995.

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Harris, A.W., G.H. Canavan, C. Sagan, and S.J. Ostro. "The deflection dilemma: Use versus misuse of technologies for avoiding interplanetary collision hazards," In Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids. 1994.

Harris, Alan et al. The Deflection Dilemma: Use vs. Misuse of Technologies for Avoiding Interplanetary Hazards (Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Center for Radiophysics and Space Research) February 3, 1994.

Harris, John. Clones, genes, and immortality : ethics and the genetic revolution (Oxford : Oxford University Press) .

Harris, John. Wonderwoman and Superman: The Ethics of Human Biotechnology (New York, NY : Oxford University Press) 1992.

Harris, Robert and Jeremy Paxman. A Higher Form of Killing (New York, NY : Hill and Wang) 1982.

An excellent historical overview of both the American and British chemical and biological warfare programs. Especially interesting is the chapter disucssing the allied plans to drop hundreds of anthrax bombs (N-bombs) on Germany towards the end of the war.

Harris, Sheldon H.. Factories of Death : Japanese Biological Warfare 1932-45 and the American Cover-Up 1995.

Sheldon pieces together the horrifying biological warfare expirements of Japan's Unit 731 and the U.S. coverup.

Harrison, Albert A.. After Contact : The Human Response to Extraterrestrial Life 1997.

Harvey, John. "Regional Ballistic Missiles and Advanced Strike Aircraft," International Security. Fall 1992.

Hays, Lt Col Peter and Dr. Karl Mueller. "Going Boldly--Where? Aerospace Integration, the Space Commission, and the Air Force," Aerospace Power Journal. Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2001.

Heim, Michael. Virtual Realism 1997.

. Virtual Realism offers a fascinating exploration of the technological and artistic sides of VR and offers some exciting challenges to old assumptions about where nature ends and cyberspace begins.

Helmreich, Stefan. Silicon Second Nature : Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World 1998.

An ethnographic study of the science and culture of artificial life. Helmreich identifies the complex web of historical, mythical, and religious narratives that underly the pursuit of self-replicating computer programs.

Hempsell, C. M.. "Long Term Growth Targets For The Space Infrastructure," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 51, No. 7, July 1998.

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Howerton, B. Alexander. "Why Bother about Space?," The Futurist. Vol. 30, No. 1, January 1996.

International Academy of Astronautics. "A Decision Process for Examining the Possibility of Sending Communications to Extraterrestrial Civilizations ," Position Paper. August 1996.

A position paper by the International Academy of Astronautics which looks to begin serious international consultation on the question of future attempts to deliberately transmit electromagnetic signals from Earth to extraterrestrial civilizations.

Jasani, Bhupendra. Space Weapons and International Security 1987.

Jasani, Bhupendra. "The value of satellite imagery," Jane's Intelligence Review. Vol. 5, No. 5, May 1993.

Johnson-Freese, Joan. "The Viability of U.S. Anti-Satellite Policy: Moving Toward Space Control," USAF Institute for National Security Studies. January 2000.

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Karl, David J.. "Proliferation Pessimism and Emerging Nuclear Powers," International Security. Winter 1996/1997.

Kaufmann, A.F., M.I. Meltzer, G.P. Schmid. "The Economic Impact of a Bioterrorist Attack: Are Prevention and Postattack Intervention Programs Justifiable?," Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 3, No. 2, April-June 1997.

Kelly, Krysten C.. "Warrantless Satellite Surveillance: Will our 4th Amendment Privacy Rights Be Lost in Space," The John Marshall Journal of Computer & Information Law. Vol. 13, Summer 1995.

Kennedy, F., Welsh, R. and Fessler, B.. "A Failure of Vision Retrospective," Airpower Journal. Summer 1998.

Kimbrell, Andrew. The human body shop : the cloning, engineering, and marketing of life (Washington, D.C. : Regnery Pub.) 1997.

Kitcher, Phillip. The lives to come : the genetic revolution and human possibilities (New York, NY : Simon & Schuster) 1997.

Klare, Michael. Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws 1995.

Kobres, Bob. "Meteor Defense," Whole Earth Review. Fall 1987.

Kopp, Carlo. "The Electromagnetic Bomb - a Weapon of Electrical Mass Destruction," USAF CADRE Air Chronicles. October 1996.

High Power Electromagnetic Pulse generation techniques and High Power Microwave technology have matured to the point where practical E-bombs (Electromagnetic bombs) are becoming technically feasible, with new applications in both Strategic and Tactical Information Warfare. The development of conventional E-bomb devices allows their use in non-nuclear confrontations. This paper discusses aspects of the technology base, weapon delivery techniques and proposes a doctrinal foundation for the use of such devices in warhead and bomb applications.

Krepon, Michael. "Spying From Space," Foreign Policy. Vol. 75, Summer 1989.

Krepon, Michael, Peter Zimmerman, Leonard Spector, and Mary Umberger, eds.. Commercial Observation Satellites and International Security (New York, NY : St. Martin's Press) 1990.

Kunich, Lieutenant Colonel John C.. "Planetary Defense: The Legality of Global Survival," Air Force Law Review. Summer 1997.

Kurzweil, Ray. The Age of Spiritual Machines : When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence 2000.

Lachow, Irving. "The GPS Dilemma," International Security. Summer 1995.

Lambright, Henry. "The Political Construction of Space Satellite Technology," Science, Technology, & Human Values. Winter 1994.

Lavery, David. Late for the Sky (Carbondale, IL : Southern Illinois University Press) 1992.

Lavoy, Peter. "The Strategic Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation," Security Studies. Vol. 4, No. 4, Summer 1995.

Lemonick, Michael D.. Other worlds : the search for life in the universe 1998.

Leonard, Andrew. Bots: The Origin of a New Species (San Francisco, CA : HardWired Press) 1997.

An entertaining history of IRC bots' and agents with speculations on how the growth of bots represents a 'technodialectic' or the internet acting as an ecosystem.

Levy, Pierre. Becoming Virtual : Reality in the Digital Age 1998.

Levy examines the cultural and social impact of new digital technologies and addresses the issues of how bodies, texts, and the economy are made virtual.

Lewis, John S.. Rain of Iron and Ice: The Very Real Threat of Comet and Asteroid Bombardment (Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley) 1996.

Lightfoot, Jay M.. "The applicability of expert systems to a space-based defensive shield," Space Policy. Vol. 10, No. 4, November 1994.

Limperis, Peter T.. "Orbital debris and the spacefaring nations: international law methods for prevention and reduction of debris, and liability regimes for damage caused by debris," Arizonal Journal of International and Comparative Law. Vol. 15, No. 1, Winter 1998.

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Lyall, F.. "SETI and the law: what if the search succeeds?," Space Policy. Vol. 14, No. 2, May 1998.

Mangold, Tom, Goldberg Mangold, Jeff Goldberg. Plague Wars: The Terrifying Reality of Biological Warfare 1999.

Marcus, Stephen J.. "What to do about bolts from the blue," IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 35, No. 12, December 1998.

Martel, William C.. The Technological Arsenal : Emerging Defense Capabilities 2001.

The rapid pace of technological innovation is propelling revolutionary change in U.S. defense strategy. "Within a decade," writes William C. Martel, "the U.S. could destroy ballistic missiles; radically limit the number of casualties; disrupt modern electronic weapons, telecommunications, power, and banking systems; and wage wars from the relative safety of the homeland."

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Mazarr, Michael. "Virtual Nuclear Arsenals," Survival. Vo. 37, No. 3, Autumn 1995.

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An interesting article from a historical perspective. The author notes that the rate of meteoroid entry into the earth's atmosphere is much greater than was originally suspected. What makes it interesting is that he obtained his data from the CIA's MEDEA project, a joint CIA-Civiliian effort to utilize previously classified satellite data for environmental ends.

McCurdock, Pamela. Machines Who Think (San Francisco, CA : W. H. Freeman) 1979.

McDonough, Thomas R.. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Listening for Life in the Cosmos (New York, NY : Wiley) 1987.

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McMahon, K. Scott. Pursuit of the shield : the U.S. quest for limited ballistic missle defense (Lanham, MD : University Press of America) 1997.

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Melosh, H.J., I.V. Nemchimov, and Yu.I. Zetzer. "Non-nuclear strategies for deflecting comets and asteroids," In Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids (T. Gehrels, editor). (Phoenix, AZ : University of Arizona Press) 1994.

Merkle, Ralph. "It's a small, small, world," Technology Review. February/March 1997.

Michie, Donald and Rory Johnston. Creative Computer: Machine Intelligence and Human Knowledge (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England : Viking : Viking) 1984.

Miller, Judith,Stephen Engelberg,William J. Broad. Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War 2001.

Three New York Times veteran reporters teamed up for this thoughtful and thorough report on bio-terrorism -- from a salmonella attack by cultists in Oregon during the 1980s to the current state of biological weapons.

Milne, Antony. Sky Static: The Space Debris Crisis 2002.

Minsky, Marvin. "Will Robots Inherit the Earth?," Scientific American. Vol. 271 October 1994.

Mitchell, Gordon R.. Strategic Deception: Rhetoric, Science, and Politics in Missile Defense Advocacy 2000.

Moltz, James Clay. "Future Security in Space: Commercial, Military, and Arms Control Trade-Offs," Center for Nonproliferation Studies. July 2002.

This publication is a series of papers identifying areas of common ground in the field of future space activity.

Moorman, General Thomas S., USAF, Retired. "The Explosion of Commerical Space and the Implications for National Security," Airpower Journal. Spring 1999.

Moorman, Lt Gen Thomas S.. "Space: A New Strategic Frontier," Airpower Journal. Vol. 6, No. 1, Spring 1992.

Moravec, Hans. Mind Children - The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence 1987.

Moravec, Hans. Robot : Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind 1998.

Robotics researcher Moravec makes startling predictions about robots and artificial intelligence in this book, arguing that by the year 2050 human intelligence will have been exceeded by that of machines.

Morrison, Philip, Billingham, John, and Wolfe, John, eds.. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI. (Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office) NASA Report SP-419, 1977.

Nelson, Greg and David Redell. Empty Promise: Growing Case Against Star Wars (Washington, D.C. : Union of Concerned Scientists) 1986.

Nelson, M and Shipbaugh, C.. "The Potential of Nanotechnology for Molecular Manufacturing," RAND Report MR-615-RC P. xv. 1995.

A sober assessment of this futuristic science from the war planners at RAND. The authors offer a classic pragmatic stance, arguing for a balance between sober-headed planning and giddy techno-daring to avoid getting caught off guard by a foreign competitior.

Ney, P.. "An Extraterrestrial Contact Treaty?," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 38, 1985.

Nici, Rosario and Douglas Kaupa. "Planetary Defense: Department of Defense Cost for the Detection, Exploration, and Rendezvous Mission of Near-Earth Objects," Airpower Journal. Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer 1997.

Nielsen, Phillip E.. Effects of Directed Energy Weapons 1994.

"Effects of Directed Energy Weapons is an encyclopedic treatment of how Directed Energy Weapons work, how the energy of these weapons is propagated to the target, and how the weapon/beam-target interaction creates effects (damage) in the target."

O'Hanlon, Michael E.. Defending America:The Case for Limited National Missile Defense 2001.

Ornstein, Severo M.. "Loose Coupling Does It Make the SDI Software Trustworthy?," CPSR Newsletter. Fall 1986.

A critique of a proposed 'loosely coupled distributed architecture' for the Strategic Defense Initiative that would have made SDI battle stations autonomous. Ornstein's critique of the specific proposal may seem dated but he makes some compelling arguments against the attempt to program any missile defense solution.

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Parker, Barry R.. Alien life : the search for extraterrestrials and beyond 1998.

Parker, Henry S.. "Agricultural Bioterrorism: A Federal Strategy to Meet the Threat," McNair Paper #65. (Washington, D.C. : National Defense University) March 2002.

Parkinson, R.C.. "The Space Economy of 2050 AD.," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 44, No. 3, March 1991.

Parkinson, R.C.. "The Space Economy of 2050 AD," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 44, No. 3, March 1991.

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Pe?a, Charles V. and Edward L. Hudgins. "Should the United States "Weaponize" Space? Military and Commercial Implicatons," Cato Policy Analysis No. 427. (Washington, D.C. : Cato Institute) March 18, 2002.

The author presents a strong case against the deployment of space weapons based on the effect they would have on the emerging (and strategically important) commercial space industry.

Perek, Lubos. "Management of Outer Space," Space Policy. August 1994.

Peterson, Chris. "Nanotechnology: Evolution of the Concept," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 45, No. 10, October 1992.

Peterson, Chris and Eric Drexler. Unbounding the Future: the Nanotechnology Revolution (New York, NY : Morrow and Company, Inc.) 1991.

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Piller, Charles and Keith R. Yamamoto. Gene Wars : Military Control over the New Genetic Technologies 1988.

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Platt, Charles. "Nanotech: Engines of Hyperbole?," Wired. Vol. 1, No. 6, December 1993.

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Pounder, Major Gary, USAF. "Opportunity Lost: Public Affairs, Information Operations,and the Air War against Serbia," Airpower Journal. Vol. 15, No. 2, Summer 2000.

Major Pounder examines the control and release of military information to the public during the air war against Serbia. He concludes that, in spite of the increased attention we have placed on information operations, the United States and NATO were ill prepared to win the “media war” (the competition for press attention, credibility, and—ultimately—sympathy for one side’s views). These failures represented shortcomings in doctrine, organization, and training and, to a certain extent, a cultural gap between the public-affairs officer and the “information warrior.” He offers recommendations for fighting and winning the public-information campaign that is certain to accompany the next war.

Preston, Bob. Plowshares and Power: The Military Use of Civil Space (Washington, D.C. : National Defense University) 1994.

Preston, Richard. "The Bioweaponeers," The New Yorker. March 9, 1998.

Preston is a gifted storyteller but this story could not have been a challenge for him. The story about the defection of one of Russia's top biological weapons scientists is inherently intriguing and it would take real talent to make it boring. Dr. Ken Abilek, a former Russian scientist with a degree in Anthrax, relates the history of Russia's offensive biological weapons program and speculates about their current projects. After reading about the gruesome horrifying deaths these weapons produce and the cold and calculating way in which governments are pursuing their development and deployment, I was struck by the description Preston gives of Dr. Lederberg, a biological weapons arms control advocate, as "a man who has looked into the face of evil for a long time and hasn't blinked."

Purver, Ron. "Chemical and Biological Terrorism: The Threat According to the Open Literature," Canadian Security Intelligence Service. June 1995.

An extensive analysis of the biological and chemical terrorism threat based on a reading of the relevant open source literature from the last 20 years. Contains an updated section that covers the Aum Shinrikyo Tokyo Subway attack.

Rana, Harminderpal S.. "The "Common Heritage of Mankind" & the final Frontier," Rutgers Law Journal. Vol. 26, No. 1, Fall 1994.

Regis, Edward. "BioWar," Wired. Vol. 4, No. 11, November 1996.

Regis describess the presentations at a military biotechnology conference. An excellent overview of the military's growing interest with genetic engineering.

Regis, Edward. "Interview: Molecular Engineer Eric Drexler: Manipulating Nature Atom by Atom," Omni. Vol. 11, No. 4, January 1989.

A classic interview with Drexler in the visionary science fiction/science fact magazine, Omni. Unfettered by the constraints of more conservative publications, Drexler explains the principles of nanarchy (an anarchist society regulated by nanomachines) and the true 'santa-claus' potential of nanotechnology. Worth hunting for.

Regis, Edward. "It's A Small, Small World," Reason. Vol. 27, No. 7, December 1995.

Reiss, Mitchell and Robert S. Litwak, eds.. Nuclear Proliferation after the Cold War 1994.

Reiter, Dan. "Exploding the Powder Keg Myth: Preemptive Wars Almost Never Happen," International Security. Fall 1995.

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Rheingold, Howard. Virtual Reality 1992.

The classic introduction to the origins and future potential of virtual reality technology.

Rifkin, Jeremy. The biotech century : harnessing the gene and remaking the world (New York, NY : Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam) 1998.

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Roberts, Colonel Guy B., USMC. "Nuclear Weapons Grade Fissile Materials: The Most Serious Threat to U.S. National Security Today?," Airpower Journal. Special Edition 1996.

Roberts, Guy B.. "Arms Control without Arms Control: The Failure of the Biological Weapons Convention Protocol and a New Paradigm for Fighting the Threat of Biological Weapons," USAF Institute for National Security Studies. March 2003.

This paper outlines the reasons why the US government rejected the BWC protocol: firstly, that biological weapon agents occur in nature, so it is difficult to demonstrate weaponization, but perhaps more importantly, that there is commercial and security sensitive information that the US administration believes should be kept secret.

Roberts, Guy B.. "The Arms Control Dog Won't Hunt: Proposed Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty at the Conference on Disarmament," USAF Institute for National Security Studies. January 2001.

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Sagan, Carl. Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space 1997.

Sagan, Carl and Steven J. Ostro. "The Long-Range Consequences of Interplanetary Collisions," Issues in Science and Technology. Summer 1994 v 10 n 4, p. 67.

A well-written piece that evaluates the threat of an asteroid impact in relation to other risks and than makes a case for delaying deployment because of the "deflection dilemma".

Sagan, Scott D.. The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons (Princeton : Princeton University Press) 1993.

Sagan, Scott D.. "The Perils of Proliferation," International Security. Spring 1994.

Sagan, Scott D. and Kenneth N. Waltz.. Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate (New York, NY : Norton) 1995.

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I came across this book about seven years ago and was very taken with the structure of his argument and his ideas although I do not personally buy into his extraterrestrial salvation argument. Schenkel lays out several impending world-ending threats (overpopulation, famine, nuclear war, environmental collapse, asteroid impacts, etc.) and argues that humanity's capacity to avoid them has been exhausted and only extraterrestrial intervention can save us. The most interesting chapter in the book is devoted to the military implications of SETI. Schenkel fears that if SETI is done unilaterally than communication with extraterrestrials will be kept underground to avoid sharing potentially valuable technological secrets with hostile parties. He argues persuasively for a global SETI effort to avoid this possibility.

Schenkel, Peter. "Legal Frameworks for Two Contact Scenarios," Journal of the british interplanetary society. Vol. 50, No. 7, July 1997.

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A no-nonsense look at the complexities and limitations of cryptographic systems from one of the leading researchers in the field. Schneier cautions against overclaiming the benefits of cryptography for security purpouses.

Schwartz, Randy K.. "Patrolling the Empire: Mapping, Imagery, and National Security," Covert Action Quarterly. Winter 1996-7.

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An award winning and comprehensive critique of space weaponization policy from a strategic perspective.

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A great popular science introduction to the field.

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A very critical article about nanotechnology. Stix's article produced a firestorm of response that has been chronicled on the Foresight Institute's web page devoted to the "Foresight Debate with Scientific American". The debate that was provoked by the article gave rise to valuable discussions on the process of informing the public about scientific issues and the limitations of both the print media and the current structure of HTML for fostering discussion and critique. An excellent example of the Foresight Institute's committment to fostering the open exchange of ideas on scientific policy issues.

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A revised edition of the 1964 classic. Sullivan provides a comprehensive history of the SETI project and a background on the science involved.

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Tarter, Donald E.. "Advocating an Immediate Response," Bioastronomy News. Vol.8, No. 3, Third Quarter 1996.

Tarter makes a persuasive case for developing the protocols and technology to reply to an extraterrestrial signal before news of the discovery is made public. Delay could be costly as technologically advanced fringe groups or ambitious nations could attempt to score a propaganda victory by being the first to reply, creating a mixed and perhaps embarassing first message. This could be avoided by settling on a quick and simple message to let the extraterrestial source know that we had recieved their message.

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Thomson, Allen. "Satellite Vulnerability: a post-Cold War issue? ," Space Policy. Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1995.

ABSTRACT: The widely discussed use of US reconnaissance satellites during the Gulf War will strongly motivate future regional adversaries to seek ways of countering US space-based assets. The presumption that reconnaissance satellites can operate covertly is obsolete. Tracking US reconnaissance satellites can provide valuable support to a hostile country's concealment and deception programs. Iraq's ability to conceal both major weapons programs and many SCUD launchers is a warning of the serious consequences such programs can have. Space surveillance systems of the type likely to be acquired by Third World countries are inconspicuous and may well go undetected, while direct ascent ASAT rockets are within the reach of many countries. This article argues that fundamental reexamination of the functions and architecture of US overhead reconnaissance is needed, and should be done outside the traditional Cold War bureaucratic structures.

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Verschuur, Gerrit L. IMPACT!: The Threat of Comets and Asteroids .

A well researched and professional work on the asteroid threat. The highlight is towards the end when Verschuur waxes philosophical about the implications for cosmology and humanity's perception of its place in the world if it accepts the inevitability of an asteroid strike

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"Animal-like robots are playing an increasingly important role as a link between the worlds of biology and engineering. The new, multidisciplinary field of biorobotics provides tools for biologists studying animal behavior and testbeds for the study and evaluation of biological algorithms for potential engineering applications. This book focuses on the role of robots as tools for biologists."

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Wilkening argues that current ballistic missile threats are insufficient to justify the deployment of a national missile defense system but a limited, theater based defense would be warranted.

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Zubrin, Robert. The Case for Mars 1996.